2S) ITR-5th A- Final Report (08-05-2017) Bharghava Shyam (C)
Adolescent Students Career Aspirations in Lachhuar
(Jamui District, Bihar)
A.N. Bharghava Shyam MAE15007 and Gyan Vikas Girish MAE16032
Declaration:
I declare that
the Research work entitled “Adolescent Students Career Aspiration in Lachhuar”
is a record of Pair Research done by Gyan Vikas and Bharghava Shyam under the
supervision and guidance of Mr. Sharad Sure and Mrs. Shailaja Menon. This
research I am submitting for our academic purpose. (8-May-2017)
Acknowledgement:
First and foremost
I am grateful to my faculty Mr. Sharad Sir and Mrs. Shailaja Madam for guiding
and supervising our research. I do appreciate for their sharing their practical
experiences and knowledge to us as a faculty.
My Heart felt gratitude to all my research
Participants, Friends, Faculty and my partner. I do express my thanks to JSPS
High School staff and Lachhuar Community people for their support in completing
my research “Adolescent Students Career Aspirations in Lachhuar”.
Abstract:
This
Paper attempts to understand the Adolescent Students Career Aspirations in
Lachhuar, Jamui district, Bihar. We understood that adolescence is right age
for children in selecting/knowing about their aspiration. And also understood
that career aspirations will strategies to step forward in life with some Ideas
which are based on some choices.
In
selecting aspirations we understood that Students can’t select their
aspirations in isolation, they will influence by surroundings we are interested
in knowing what influences their career aspirations. Influence can
characterized by good and bad (Good influence we can call as Motivation, Bad
influence we can call as suppressing). And in suppressing also if the child
feel happy we may can’t that as Bad Influence. In our research we attempted to
show the influencing factors in selecting student career aspiration.
Key
Words: Adolescent/Adolescence, Student, Career, Aspiration and Influence.
Data Collection:
For
Data collection we are using semi-structured interviews and observations in
schools
Research Methodology
Research Questions
What are the student career aspirations in
Lachhuar (Rural Bihar)?
Broad Question
·
What are the significant
sources of student career aspirations?
Specific
Questions
·
Does Social
stratifications {caste, class, gender} and peer group influences the student’s
in their career aspirations?
·
Do they differ according
to gender?
·
Parents acceptance and
their influences on career aspirations
Research Site:
The
study was done in one small rural village Lachhuar in Bihar state, Jamui
District. This Village is a tourist place for Jains because it’s a play area of
Bhagwan Mahavir. His birth place is 5kms
far from Lachhuar village.
In
Lachhuar we did our most of semi-structured interviews in J.S.P.S School with
students and teachers. And parents interview done in their respective homes
There
majority of the people are working as farmers and then some are working as
Labours (Including Raj mystries), some as vendors (Including shopkeepers), some
as employs in some companies etc. Most of the families are joint families
there.
Samples and Sample Size:
Frist of all we want
to know what student career aspirations, Students are prime tool for our
research. We selected this participants because students only know their
aspirations, it may be difficult to observe without interactions. For strong
evidence we collected data from students, parents and as well as teachers
The
sample for this study was the students, teachers, parents they are the vital
parts to get data for our research. We did our research with 50 students, 15
parents, 7 Teachers (Planned 50 students, 20 parents and 10 teachers)
Through Purposive Sampling- Maximum Variability we
selected these samples
Research Design
Our Study was
descriptive/interpretative study to find out adolescents students career
aspirations and its influence factors. For children asking directly the
influences in selecting aspirations is not possible because it difficult for
children to answer those question that why we asked parents surnames through that
we can find caste through that we can interpret the data.
Data
Analysis:
For doing data
analysis we followed the qualitative/interpretivist framework model with our
quantitative data. With interpretative model we connected our data to social stratifications
to know the influences in selecting aspirations and also. In our Data analysis
we are showing the product and interpretations of our research.
Findings:
1) Age:
There is lots of age difference in children, some completed their 10th class in
13 years old & some doing their 9th class in 17 years old. By seeing this
We understand that parents are getting awareness on education, I think they are
following the principle better late than never
In
our literature review we found that level aspirations is found by level of
performance in education. Here at different ages parents are sending them to
school this will help in selecting their career aspirations.
2) Caste
and Occupation of Parents: There are different
types of castes are there in Lachhuar, We didn’t ask their caste directly, but
through surnames we got to know about their castes. Usually in this village
Tati's are works as labour, choudaries works as local wine makers and small
enterprisers, Yadavs are milk venders etc. are like this, but now there are
many changes happen in work system. Tati's are doing cultivation, employing
etc. this happened with other castes also.
Here
majority (18+4) of fathers are Farmers in this mothers are also helping in
field, 10 fathers are working as a Labour (Including Raj Mestries) and remaining
people are employers in some enterprises. 48 Mothers are home makers (Helping
in Husbands Work), only mother is working in an N.G.O.
Here
I didn’t find that much caste influence for students in selecting their
aspirations, but some parents (9) are decided their children’s aspirations you
want to become like this.
3) Siblings:
All students (With whom we interacted) are coming from Joint Family (25
Families) and big families (25 Families) only, there is no small family is
there. By this we thought that there is solidarity in between them, all are
staying together, because of solidarity state will become good, I think they
did 1st step in making country solidarity. All villages are like circles
(Concentric circles) all are not connected, but they are connected. There are
lots of members in Family, We think Joint family is very good for student for
making his/her character building.
And
there are big families in that minimum 3 children to 9 children are there in
this most of the situations parents can't afford financially, but they are
trying their level best to educate their children 50 among 24 have no
challenges in reaching their aspirations. 14 have financial challenges,
We
thought that because of more siblings they are getting economic problems
4) Gender:
Students in selecting their aspirations we found that they are not that much on
class and caste, but slightly gender is there. In our interaction total 11
among 50 wants to become an engineer in that 10 members are boys and 1 girl is
there. 10 student’s wants to become a doctor among them 9 are girls and 1 is
boy. 6 members want to become a teachers among them 5 girls and 1 boy are
there. 7 students planning to join in army (Military and in air force) and only
girl student want to join in that. By these we thought that gender is playing
role in selecting aspiration. In these 4 careers coincidentally because of one
student the stereotype regarding gender is becoming false.
5) Support:
The most of families (Parents) are supporting their children in reaching their
aspirations. 38 among 50 are supporting their children’s aspiration. 3 is
having conflicts with parents, one didn’t discussed with parents, 8 did not
told anything to us. By this we can that family support is there for to achieve
their aspirations.
6) Influences:
28 Students are inspired/influenced by their observation of the contextual
environment of they lived. 8 students are following their family instructions
in selecting their aspirations.
BY
OBSERVATIONS
7) Teacher’s
absenteeism: We also found that teacher’s
absenteeism is there in school. They are not taking classes regularly. That
will surely affect their education and affects their aspirations.
8) Actively
Playing: There we found all students are actively
playing the games, but they are playing the games separately according to
gender.
Discussions:
We
both taken 80 consent forms with us, before starting semi-structure interview we
taken the permission of them and then we started collecting data. We told our
research purpose and then started the taking the signature of them in the
consent form.
Literature
review helped us a lot. And there are some interlinkages in between literature
review and field that are gender influences in selecting career aspirations,
the child performance helps in choosing their aspirations.
Ethical
concern was some children are for just name sake interacting with us, even
though we tell fell free, and in last days I felt our research was done in very
mechanical way than any productive way. And also felt that teachers may not
saying the correct answers. These are some ethical concerns I felt.
Limitations
are we did interviews (Semi-structured) in only one government school. Much of
the work may done in mechanical way. When we are interacting with students some
talked with us very jovially and some talked for just name sake at that time I
felt little bit biased with some students. I think these are the limitations in
my (Our) research.
Conclusion:
The Process
Our
Hypothesis is partially right, students are influenced by social
stratifications particularly gender only not by caste, but here class became
the challenge for students but they (Parents) are trying to help their children
in reaching their aspirations.
Section-B: A
Revised Research Proposal and Learning on
“Adolescents
Students Career Aspirations in Lachhuar”
(Rural Village), Jamui district, Bihar State.
Name
Gyan Vikash (MAE16032) and A.N. Bharghava
Shyam (MAE15007)
Topic
Student Career Aspirations
Introduction
{Background}
Aspirations
is a strong desire or goal, which student wants to achieve in life. This
aspirations come from student’s self-efficacy. Student’s Self-efficacy
Career
aspirations are a major part of future planning and it gives strategies to step
forward in life. In the adolescent stage students start to think about their
future based on some choices. This stage is crucial stage where students choose
his/her career. High school students start to think individually about their
career in this stage, so this age group is right group to find about our
research.
Rationale
of our research
Lachhuar
village is familiar to us (Gyan) it’s the main reason in selecting this site.
And also no one did research regarding student career aspirations with High
school students, and it’s another reason for focusing on this site. Also we
want to know about caste system’s influences on their career aspirations.
Based
on curiosity we selected this topic. We saw the Caste influence in selecting
the career aspirations in some parts of rural Bihar/Andhra Pradesh, we are
Curious/interested in knowing about this, why caste system is influencing the
career aspirations.
Through
this research we wish to understand career aspirations of high school students
in southern part rural Bihar and also the factors influencing career
aspirations.
Conceptual
Framework
Students
will think about aspirations from their early childhood onwards, but they put
in praxis mainly in Adolescent age (A Process of developing age from Childhood
to Adulthood) mainly this stage lies between 11-18 years.
“Adolescence
is a period when a major turning takes place in the life of student, because
the career will depend upon the subject selected at this level. Adolescence is
the age in which an adolescent to make their career or to damage it”
As
we know in our Indian context after the 10th class school curriculum
has been diversified into Art, Science & Commerce. That’s why we are mainly
focusing on Adolescent age student’s career aspirations.
Student
career aspirations are mostly associated with level of schooling in the
educational institutions. High school students are at the exploratory stage in
choosing their career aspirations.
Donald Super's career model is based on the belief
that self-concept changes over time and develops as a result of experience.
Review
of Literature
In
Krishan Lal’s “Career maturity in relation to level of aspiration in
Adolescents” research, we found that Adolescence is period in which children
will develop & adjust their aspirations. So it’s the correct period to do
research for career aspirations in child.
In his research he is saying that level of aspirations are decided by
level of performance. Level of aspirations is to about future which is based on
his/her past experiences. It gives self-motivation to students.
They
find that there are different ways of maturity that are high level, low level
& average level maturity in vocational/career maturities. & also find
the gender career differentials in broader sense.
By
this we understood that, when we are collecting data, we need to observe the
performance of the student in class & also want to know about their past
experiences in choosing that career.
Another
research was done by V.R. Rajesh & V. Chandrasekaran. In their “Aspirations
of High school Students” {Chennai & near to Chennai areas} research they
found that there is significant difference between the medium of instruction,
gender, type of family etc. which plays role in choosing the aspirations.
And
they also found that Income level & back ground of family will not play
significant role in choosing aspirations. We want to challenge this because it
may not happen in rural areas. We want to find in our research.
Here
they are mainly focus in urban setting, we want to find in Lachhuar, Bihar
rural setting.
One
another research done by Archana das & Nilima Bagavati (In Department of
education, ADP College, Nagaon District, Assam) on girl’s student’s career
aspiration. In that they found that “Maximum number of girls from different
caste have different level of career aspirations and also found that girls have
differences in career aspirations according to class grade. They also found
that no significance difference between girls career aspirations in rural &
urban areas, but they rejected when formulated hypothesis.”
And
we are doing our research in rural area only & also want to find is there
any difference in aspiration according to class grade.
In
another research also done by William S Bennett & Noel P. Gist, In American
society, effect of class & family on student aspiration. They found that
“based on three different family classes that are Upper, middle & lower
classes the aspirations will changes and they also found the difference by race
& class”
In
Indian context race doesn’t matter, but class matters, so we also to find
socio-economic influence in student career aspiration.
One
another research also done by Richard P. Boyle on “The Effect of High School on
Student aspiration”. This research was done in St. Francisco metropolitan area,
they found that high school effect on student aspiration because in high school
the students comes from different background & student influenced by peer
group and also by family back ground.
So
we also want to find the influence of peer group in selecting career aspiration
in Indian rural context.
One
Research was done by Marc Frenette on “Career goal in High School” in Canada he
found that academic performance, sex, parental education, socioeconomic
background, etc. so many factors influence student career aspiration. Also this
research said that student think their career aspiration which will depend on
their university degree. So student thinks which type university degree will
get that makes their career.
By
this all literature review we understood that aspirations differs according to
contextual environment of the student that are according to gender, Class,
School, counsellor, peer interest, etc. These environments are influencing in
selecting aspirations. The students will select their aspirations in adolescent
age.
Here
we didn’t find the caste influence in selecting aspirations, so we also want to
know the caste influence in selecting aspirations. Because caste plays major role in rural
areas.
Also
these research not talk about teacher’s career aspiration for their students.
So we want to find this.
In
this all literature the Researchers did research in urban context only. We want
to do in rural context.
All
this literature review gave information that very career aspiration, no career
aspiration can be selected in isolation. For selecting any aspiration there
must be some rationale, that rationale may be come from inspiration or from
influence or from motivation, etc. These all literature review showed different
influences one literature said aspirations can be decide by the performance,
another research found that medium of instruction, gender, types of family show
different in selecting aspirations, another research is saying that there is
difference in selecting aspirations according to class and race, another
research is saying that they select their aspirations along with their peer
group etc. In these all research’s there is influencing factors are there in
selecting aspirations. We also want to know which environment’s influences in
selecting their career aspirations in Lachhuar children.
“These
all are the guiding points which we got from literature review.
Objectives
of our Research
·
To study the career
aspiration of High school students in Lachhuar
·
To know about influencing
factors (like Class, Caste, Gender, Region, Peer group etc.) on student’s
Career aspiration.
Broad
Question
·
What are the student
career aspirations in Lachhuar (Bihar rural)?
Specific
Questions
·
What are the significant
sources of student career aspirations?
·
Does Social
stratifications {caste, class, gender} and peer group influences the student’s
in their career aspirations?
·
Do they differ according
to gender?
·
Parents acceptance and
their influences on career aspirations
Hypothesis
of our Research
·
Students career
aspirations are influenced by Social stratifications (Class, Caste, Gender)
Research
Methodology
Design
of research
Our
Research would be descriptive as we want to find out students career aspiration
and its influence factor which take important when students set a career goal.
Research
Site
·
We are doing our research
in Lachhuar a rural big village in Sikandra Block, Jamui district, Bihar state,
India.
·
There in J.S.P.S School
(a government school) and in community.
This
Village is a tourist place for Jains because it’s a play area of Bhagwan Mahavir. His birth place is 5kms
far from Lachhuar village.
Participants
·
Students from J.S.P.S
School (Approx. 25), Parents (Approx.
10), Teachers (Approx. 5)
(Through
Purposive Sampling- Maximum Variability )
Frist of all we want to know what student career
aspirations, Students are prime tool for our research. We selected this
participants because students only know their aspirations, it may be difficult
to observe without interactions. For strong evidence we collected data from
students, parents and as well as teachers
Sources
of data
·
We get the data through
interviewing students, parents and teachers
Tools
and Techniques
·
We will do interview
(Semi-Structured) with high school students, parents and teachers and also
interpretations.
Contribution
and Implication
·
By this research we want
to contribute to an understanding of aspirations of high school students in
rural Bihar.
·
What is the major factor
which influence/ motivates the high school students career aspirations
Limitations
·
Because of less time we
may not have adequate data, & our research is related to particular area,
so we can’t generalize with another part (Village, town etc.)
Ethical concerns/Issues
·
Going into personal life
of students may create some ethical concerns for that we need to give assurance
for them, by keeping their details confidential.
·
We are sensitive in
asking questions, the question should not trouble the participant.
·
If they are not
interested in answering, we have to leave that question.
References
Bagavati, A. D. (2016). A study on occupational Aspiration
of Higher secondary school girl students in Nagaon District. International
Jounal of advanced research in Education & Technology (IJARET), 3.
Bandura. (1986). Social Cognitive Theory.
Boyle, R. P. (1966). The Effect of the High school on
Students' Aspirations. The University of Chicago Press Journals , 13.
Chandrasekaran, V. R. (2014). Aspirations of High School
students. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3.
Educational Aspirations (March 2016).
Ginzberg, D. S. (2012). Careers New Zealand.
Retrieved from https://www.careers.govt.nz/:
https://www.careers.govt.nz/assets/pages/docs/career-theory-model-super.pdf
Gist, W. S. (1964). Classes and family influences on
Student aspirations. Oxword Journals, 8.
Lal, K. (2014). Career maturity in relation to level of aspiration.
American International Journel of research in Humanities, arts &
social sciences, 1-6.
APPENDIX - A
Questionnaire
for Students
1.
Name of the Student (SUDO
NAME) :
2.
Age :
3.
Sex : Male Female
4.
Name of the School :
5.
Grade :
6.
Number of members in the
Family :
7.
Siblings : Sister/s Brother/s
8.
Educational Qualification
of parents :
9.
Occupation of
Parents :
10.
Surname
:
Semi-
Structured Interview (Questions)
Introduction
to each other {We & Students} through rapport building
·
Tell us about your father
and mother?
·
What is your surname? (We
will find cast from surname.)
·
Who is your role model?
·
What are your career
aspirations?
·
Why you want to become
this?
·
When you got this Idea
for selecting this aspiration?
·
What challenges do you
foresee in achieving your career aspirations?
·
Do you see a conflict
arising?
·
Whom do you like to talk
about your career?
·
Is being career oriented
important? Why? / Why not?
·
Do you think girls or boy
cannot do certain jobs
APPENDIX - B
Questionnaire
for Parents
1.
Name of the Parent’s :
2.
Age :
3.
Number of members in the
Family :
4.
Educational Qualification
of parents :
5.
Occupation of
Parents
:
6.
Surname
:
Semi-
Structured Interview (Questions)
·
Is there any aspirations
for your child regarding career?
·
You know any reason
behind this in selecting that aspiration?
·
You are ok with that
aspiration selected by your child?
·
What expectations you
have on your children regarding his/her career?
·
Can you give permission
for the Higher education for your children?
APPENDIX
- C
Questionnaire
for teachers
1.
Name of the Teacher :
2.
Age :
3.
Sex: Male Female
4.
Grade (Which s/he will teach) :
5.
Education Qualification :
·
What are the aspirations
you heard from the students?
·
What are your
expectations on students in their career aspirations?
Justification for Changes:
I
changed the topic name to give little bit clear idea about our research.
We
changed (Reduced) the sample size for our research from 80 to 40, now I thought
that for Mini qualitative research (2 weeks) 80 samples is very huge to
interpret the data.
And
in questionnaire also we add one more question for children “when you chose this
aspiration”. This shows a justification for our research for (bad- suppressing)
influences to child those who told my parents said to me to become this.
Learnings:
1) Family
is best support for children in helping and guiding the child in aspiration
2) Everyone
want to show their goodness in the first meet, they will try to not expose
their mistakes for knowing the reality to need to move closely (I heard that
teachers absenteeism is more in school, but teachers are saying we are not going
for any lives)
3) We
need to see Unity in diversity than diversity in unity (Girls are standing
separately in assembly, instead of feeling discrimination if we feel organizing
you may get peace)
4) Exposure
will give experience and that will help in knowing the situations (When I
visited Bihar for 1st time I learnt their traditions)
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