2S) ITR-2nd A- Final Proposal (02-03-2017) Gyan & Naga (B)

  

A Revised Research Proposal and Learning on

“Career Aspiration of High School Students (Adolescents) in Lachhuar”

 (Rural Village), Jamui district, Bihar State.

Name

Gyan Vikash (MAE16032) and A.N. Bharghava Shyam (MAE15007)

Topic

Student Career Aspirations (2-Mar-2017)

Introduction {Background}

Aspirations is a strong desire or goal, which student wants to achieve in life. This aspirations come from student’s self-efficacy. Student’s Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986)(Efficacy- Capacity to produce desire) will depend on his/her contextual environment of which family, Parents, class, gender, socio-economic backgrounds, Peer groups, teachers, counsellors, etc. are constituents

Career aspirations are a major part of future planning and it gives strategies to step forward in life. In the adolescent stage students start to think about their future based on some choices. This stage is crucial stage where students choose his/her career. High school students start to think individually about their career in this stage, so this age group is right group to find about our research.

Rationale of our research

Lachhuar village is familiar to us (Gyan) it’s the main reason in selecting this site. And also no one did research regarding student career aspirations with High school students, and it’s another reason for focusing on this site. Also we want to know about caste system’s influences on their career aspirations.

Based on curiosity we selected this topic. We saw the Caste influence in selecting the career aspirations in some parts of rural Bihar/Andhra Pradesh, we are Curious/interested in knowing about this, why caste system is influencing the career aspirations.

Through this research we wish to understand career aspirations of high school students in southern part rural Bihar and also the factors influencing career aspirations.

Conceptual Framework

Students will think about aspirations from their early childhood onwards, but they put in praxis mainly in Adolescent age (A Process of developing age from Childhood to Adulthood) mainly this stage lies between 11-18 years.

“Adolescence is a period when a major turning takes place in the life of student, because the career will depend upon the subject selected at this level. Adolescence is the age in which an adolescent to make their career or to damage it” (Lal, 2014)

As we know in our Indian context after the 10^th class school curriculum has been diversified into Art, Science & Commerce. That’s why we are mainly focusing on Adolescent age student’s career aspirations.

Student career aspirations are mostly associated with level of schooling in the educational institutions. High school students are at the exploratory stage in choosing their career aspirations. Donald Super's career model is based on the belief that self-concept changes over time and develops as a result of experience. (Ginzberg, 2012) That’s why we are focusing on High Schools.

Review of Literature

In Krishan Lal’s “Career maturity in relation to level of aspiration in Adolescents” research, we found that Adolescence is period in which children will develop & adjust their aspirations. So it’s the correct period to do research for career aspirations in child.  In his research he is saying that level of aspirations are decided by level of performance. Level of aspirations is to about future which is based on his/her past experiences. It gives self-motivation to students.

They find that there are different ways of maturity that are high level, low level & average level maturity in vocational/career maturities. & also find the gender career differentials in broader sense. (Lal, 2014)

By this we understood that, when we are collecting data, we need to observe the performance of the student in class & also want to know about their past experiences in choosing that career.

Another research was done by V.R. Rajesh & V. Chandrasekaran. In their “Aspirations of High school Students” {Chennai & near to Chennai areas} research they found that there is significant difference between the medium of instruction, gender, type of family etc. which plays role in choosing the aspirations.

And they also found that Income level & back ground of family will not play significant role in choosing aspirations. We want to challenge this because it may not happen in rural areas. We want to find in our research. (Chandrasekaran, 2014)   

Here they are mainly focus in urban setting, we want to find in Lachhuar, Bihar rural setting.

One another research done by Archana das & Nilima Bagavati (In Department of education, ADP College, Nagaon District, Assam) on girl’s student’s career aspiration. In that they found that “Maximum number of girls from different caste have different level of career aspirations and also found that girls have differences in career aspirations according to class grade. They also found that no significance difference between girls career aspirations in rural & urban areas, but they rejected when formulated hypothesis.” (Bagavati, 2016)

And we are doing our research in rural area only & also want to find is there any difference in aspiration according to class grade.

In another research also done by William S Bennett & Noel P. Gist, In American society, effect of class & family on student aspiration. They found that “based on three different family classes that are Upper, middle & lower classes the aspirations will changes and they also found the difference by race & class” (Gist, p. 8; Gist, 1964)

In Indian context race doesn’t matter, but class matters, so we also to find socio-economic influence in student career aspiration.

One another research also done by Richard P. Boyle on “The Effect of High School on Student aspiration”. This research was done in St. Francisco metropolitan area, they found that high school effect on student aspiration because in high school the students comes from different background & student influenced by peer group and also by family back ground. (Boyle, 1966)

So we also want to find the influence of peer group in selecting career aspiration in Indian rural context.

One Research was done by Marc Frenette on “Career goal in High School” in Canada he found that academic performance, sex, parental education, socioeconomic background, etc. so many factors influence student career aspiration. Also this research said that student think their career aspiration which will depend on their university degree. So student thinks which type university degree will get that makes their career. (Frenette, 2009)

By this all literature review we understood that aspirations differs according to contextual environment of the student that are according to gender, Class, School, counsellor, peer interest, etc. These environments are influencing in selecting aspirations. The students will select their aspirations in adolescent age.

Here we didn’t find the caste influence in selecting aspirations, so we also want to know the caste influence in selecting aspirations.  Because caste plays major role in rural areas.

Also these research not talk about teacher’s career aspiration for their students. So we want to find this.

In this all literature the Researchers did research in urban context only. We want to do in rural context.

All this literature review gave information that very career aspiration, no career aspiration can be selected in isolation. For selecting any aspiration there must be some rationale, that rationale may be come from inspiration or from influence or from motivation, etc. These all literature review showed different influences one literature said aspirations can be decide by the performance, another research found that medium of instruction, gender, types of family show different in selecting aspirations, another research is saying that there is difference in selecting aspirations according to class and race, another research is saying that they select their aspirations along with their peer group etc. In these all research’s there is influencing factors are there in selecting aspirations. We also want to know which environment’s influences in selecting their career aspirations in Lachhuar children.

“These all are the guiding points which we got from literature review.

 

Objectives of our Research

·         To study the career aspiration of High school students in Lachhuar

·         To know about influencing factors (like Class, Caste, Gender, Region, Peer group etc.) on student’s Career aspiration.

Broad Question

·         What are the student career aspirations in Bihar rural? 

Specific Questions

·         What are the significant sources of student career aspirations?

·         Does Social stratifications {caste, class, gender} and peer group influences the student’s in their career aspirations?

·         Do they differ according to gender?

·         Parents acceptance and their influences on career aspirations

Hypothesis of our Research

·         Students career aspirations are influenced by Social stratifications (Class, Caste, Gender)

 

Research Methodology

Design of research                                                                

Our Research would be descriptive as we want to find out students career aspiration and its influence factor which take important when students set a career goal.

Research Site

·         We are doing our research in Lachhuar a rural big village in Sikandra Block, Jamui district, Bihar state, India.

·         There in J.S.P.S School (a government school) and in community.

This Village is a tourist place for Jains because it’s a play area of Bhagwan Mahavir. His birth place is 5kms far from Lachhuar village.

Participants

·         Students from J.S.P.S School (Approx. 25), Parents (Approx. 10), Teachers (Approx. 5)

(Through Purposive Sampling- Maximum Variability )

Frist of all we want to know what student career aspirations, Students are prime tool for our research. We selected this participants because students only know their aspirations, it may be difficult to observe without interactions. For strong evidence we collected data from students, parents and as well as teachers

Sources of data

·         We get the data through interviewing students, parents and teachers

Tools and Techniques

·         We will do interview (Semi-Structured) with high school students, parents and teachers and also interpretations.

Contribution and Implication

·         By this research we want to contribute to an understanding of aspirations of high school students in rural Bihar.

·         What is the major factor which influence/ motivates the high school students career aspirations

Limitations

·         Because of less time we may not have adequate data, & our research is related to particular area, so we can’t generalize with another part (Village, town etc.)

Ethical concerns/Issues

·         Going into personal life of students may create some ethical concerns for that we need to give assurance for them, by keeping their details confidential.

·         We are sensitive in asking questions, the question should not trouble the participant.

·         If they are not interested in answering, we have to leave that question. 

 

References

Bagavati, A. D. (2016). A study on occupational Aspiration of Higher secondary school girl students in Nagaon District. International Jounal of advanced research in Education & Technology (IJARET), 3.

Bandura. (1986). Social Cognitive Theory.

Boyle, R. P. (1966). The Effect of the High school on Students' Aspirations. The University of Chicago Press Journals , 13.

Chandrasekaran, V. R. (2014). Aspirations of High School students. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3.

Educational Aspirations (March 2016).

Ginzberg, D. S. (2012). Careers New Zealand. Retrieved from https://www.careers.govt.nz/: https://www.careers.govt.nz/assets/pages/docs/career-theory-model-super.pdf

Gist, W. S. (1964). Classes and family influences on Student aspirations. Oxword Journals, 8.

Lal, K. (2014). Career maturity in relation to level of aspiration. American International Journel of research in Humanities, arts & social sciences, 1-6.

 

 

APPENDIX - A

Questionnaire for Students

1. Name of the Student (SUDO NAME)           :
2. Age                                                                 :
3. Sex                                                                  :               Male                Female                             
4. Name of the School                                        :
5. Grade                                                              :
6. Number of members in the Family                 :
7. Siblings                                                           :           Sister/s      Brother/s
8. Educational Qualification of parents              :
9. Occupation of Parents                                     :
10. Surname                                                          :

Semi- Structured Interview (Questions)

Introduction to each other {We & Students} through rapport building

·         Tell us about your father and mother?

·         What is your surname? (We will find cast from surname.)

·         Who is your role model?

·         What are your career aspirations?

·         Why you want to become this?

·         What challenges do you foresee in achieving your career aspirations?

·         Do you see a conflict arising?

·         Whom do you like to talk about your career?

·         Is being career oriented important? Why? / Why not?

·         Do you think girls or boy cannot do certain jobs

APPENDIX - B

Questionnaire for Parents

1. Name of the Parent’s                                      :
2. Age                                                                 :
3. Number of members in the Family                 :
4. Educational Qualification of parents              :
5. Occupation of Parents                                     :
6. Surname                                                          :

Semi- Structured Interview (Questions)

·         Is there any aspirations for your child regarding career?

·         You know any reason behind this in selecting that aspiration?

·         You are ok with that aspiration selected by your child?

·         What expectations you have on your children regarding his/her career?

·         Can you give permission for the Higher education for your children?

 

APPENDIX - C

Questionnaire for teachers

1. Name of the Teacher                                       :
2. Age                                                                 :
3. Sex                                                                  :               Male                Female                             
4. Name of the School                                        :
5. Grade                                                              :
6. Education Qualification                                  :

·         What are the aspirations you heard from the students?

·         What are your expectations on students in their career aspirations?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research Participant Consent Form

Azim Premji University

School of Education

Date: ___________

CONSENT FORM

Title of Research Project: Student Career Aspiration

Name of the Researcher: Gyan Vikash

Address Email and Telephone Number of Researcher 7895331367

1)      I confirm that I have read and understood the information sheet for above study and have had the opportunity to ask questions. YES/NO*

2)      I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time, without having to give any reason, and without my care or legal rights being affected. YES/NO*

3)      I agree to take part in the above study. YES/NO*

_________________                        ______________                _____________________

Name of Researcher Participant       Date                                     Signature

__________________                       ________________          _______________________

Name of Researcher                          Date                                    Signature